| Adrastea | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by David C. Jewitt and G. Edward Danielson on July 8, 1979. Adrastea is also designated as "Jupiter XV" and "S/1979 J1". In Greek mythology, Adrastea was a nymph, the daughter of Jupiter and Ananke. |
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| Aitne | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2001. Aitne is also designated as "Jupiter XXXI" and "S/2001 J11". In Greek mythology, Aitne was a nymph who was seduced by Zeus. |
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| Amalthea | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Edward Emerson Barnard on September 9, 1892. Amalthea was the first new moon of Jupiter to be discovered since Galileo Galilei discovered the Galilean moons in 1610. Amalthea is also designated as "Jupiter V". In Greek mythology, Amalthea was a nymph who nursed the infant Zeus (Jupiter) with goat's milk. |
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| Ananke | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Seth Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory on September 28, 1951. Ananke is also designated as "Jupiter XII". In Greek mythology, Ananke was the personification of destiny, unalterable necessity and fate. |
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| Aoede | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. Aoede is also designated as "Jupiter XLI" and "S/2003 J7". In Greek mythology, Aoede was the Muse of song, and was a daughter of Zeus (Jupiter). |
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| Aphelion | The Aphelion occurs when a planet is furthest to the Sun during its slightly elliptical orbit. | 
Aphelion of Earth |
| Arche | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2002. Arche is also designated as "Jupiter XLIII" and "S/2002 J1". In Greek mythology, Arche was one of the four original Muses, an addition to the earlier three (Aoede, Melete, and Mneme). |
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| Autonoe | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2001. Autonoe is also designated as "Jupiter XXVIII" and "S/2001 J1". In Greek mythology, Autonoe was a daughter of Cadmus, founder of Thebes, and the goddess Harmonia. |
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| Callirrhoe | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Spacewatch on October 6, 1999. At that time is was thought ot be an asteroid until it was discovered to be in orbit around Jupiter by Tim Spahr on July 18, 2000. Callirrhoe is also designated as "Jupiter XVII" and "S/1999 J1". In Greek mythology, Callirrhoe was a naiad. She was the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. |
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| Callisto | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Galileo Galilei on January 7, 1610. Callisto is also designated as "Jupiter IV". In Greek mythology, Callisto was nymph and one of the many lovers of Zeus, only to be turned into a bear by Zeus' wife Hera. |
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| Carme | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Seth Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in July 1938. Carme is also designated as "Jupiter XI". In Greek mythology, Carme was a Cretan spirit who assisted the grain harvest. |
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| Carpo | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. Carpo is also designated as "Jupiter XLVI" and "S/2003 J20". In Greek mythology, Carpo was a Horae, and a daughter of Zeus (Jupiter). |
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| Chaldene | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2000. Chaldene is also designated as "Jupiter XXI" and "S/2000 J10". In Greek mythology, Chaldene, the mother of Solymos by Zeus. |
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| Cyllene | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. Cyllene is also designated as "Jupiter XLVIII" and "S/2003 J13". In Greek mythology, Cyllene was a nymph associated with Mount Kyllini, Greece. She was a daughter of Zeus (Jupiter). |
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| Elara | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Charles Perrine at Lick Observatory in 1905 . Elara is also designated as "Jupiter VII". In Greek mythology, Elara was the mother of the giant Tityus, by Zeus. |
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| Erinome | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott Sheppard and team in 2000. Erinome is also designated as "Jupiter XXV" and "S/2000 J4". In Roman mythology, Erinome was a lover of Jupiter. |
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| Euanthe | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott Sheppard and team in 2001. Euanthe is also designated as "Jupiter XXXIII" and "S/2001 J7". In Greek mythology, Euanthe was the mother of the Graces. |
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| Eukelade | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. Eukelade is also designated as "Jupiter XLVII" and "S/2003 J1". In Greek mythology, Eukelade was one of the Muses, and a daughter of Zeus (Jupiter). |
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| Euporie | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2001. Euporie is also designated as "Jupiter XXXIV" and "S/2001 J10". In Greek mythology, Euporie was a goddess of abundance and one of the Horae. |
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| Europa | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Galileo Galilei on January 7, 1610. Europa is the smallest of the Galilean moons and is also designated as "Jupiter II". In Greek mythology, Europa, for whom Europe is named, was one of Zeus' many lovers. She bore three sons: King Minos of Crete, King Rhadamanthus of the Cyclades, and Sarpedon. |
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| Eurydome | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2001. Eurydome is also designated as "Jupiter XXXII" and "S/2001 J4". In Greek mythology, Eurydome was as the mother of the Graces by Zeus. |
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| Ganymede | A largest moon of Jupiter and the largest moon in the solar system. Ganymede is larger than the planets Mercury and pluto. Ganymede was discovered by Galileo Galilei on January 11, 1610. Ganymede is also designated as "Jupiter III". In Greek mythology, Ganymede was the cup-bearer of the gods. |
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| Harpalyke | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott Sheppard and team in 2000. Harpalyke is also designated as "Jupiter XXII" and "S/2000 J5". In Greek mythology, Harpalyke was the incestuous daughter of Klymenos, King of Thrace. |
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| Hegemone | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. Hegemone is also designated as "Jupiter XXXIX" and "S/2003 J8". In Greek mythology, Hegemone was one of the Graces, and a daughter of Zeus (Jupiter). |
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| Helike | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. Helike is also designated as "Jupiter XLV" and "S/2003 J6". In Greek mythology, Helike was one of the nymphs that nurtured Zeus (Jupiter) in his infancy on Crete. |
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| Hermippe | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2001. Hermippe is also designated as "Jupiter XXX" and "S/2001 J3". In greek mythology, Hermippe was a consort of Zeus and mother of Orchomenus. |
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| Himalia | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Charles Perrine at the Lick Observatory on December 3, 1904. Himalia is also designated as "Jupiter VI". In Greek mythology, Himalia was a nymph who bore three sons of Zeus. |
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| Io | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Galileo Galilei on January 7, 1610. Io is the innermost of the four Galilean moons and is also designated as "Jupiter I". In Greek mythology, Io was one of many of Zeus' lovers. |
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| Iocaste | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott Sheppard and team in 2000. Iocaste is also designated as "Jupiter XXIV" and "S/2000 J3". In Greek mythology, Iocaste was he mother/wife of Oedipus. |
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| Isonoe | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott Sheppard and team in 2000. Isonoe is also designated as "Jupiter XXVI" and "S/2000 J6". In Greek mythology, Isonoe was one of the Danaides and a lover of Zeus (Jupiter). |
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| Jovian | Having to do with the planet Jupiter. |
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| Jupiter | Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. Jupiter's diameter is 143,000 km and takes 11.86 years to orbit the Sun. Jupiter is named after the Roman king of gods. In Eastern Asian cultures Jupiter is also known as the 'Wood Star.' |
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| Kale | A moon of Jupiter was discovered in 2001. Kale is also designated as "Jupiter XXXVII" and "S/2001 J8". In Greek mythology, Kale was one of the Charities, goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity and fertility. |
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| Kallichore | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. Kallichore is also designated as "Jupiter XLIV" and "S/2003 J12". In Greek mythology, Kallichore was one of the Muses, and a daughter of Zeus (Jupiter). |
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| Kalyke | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott Sheppard and team in 2000. Kalyke is also designated as "Jupiter XXIII" and "S/2000 J2". |
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| Leda | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Charles T. Kowal at the Mount Palomar Observatory on September 14, 1974. Leda is also designated as "Jupiter XIII". In Greek mythology, Leda was queen of Sparta who was the mother of Castor, Polydeuces, Clytemnestra and Helen of Troy. |
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| Lysithea | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Seth Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in 1938. Lysithea is also designated as "Jupiter X". In Greek mythology, Lysithea was a daughter of Oceanus and one of Zeus' lovers. |
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| Megaclite | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott Sheppard and team in 2000. Megaclite is also designated as "Jupiter XIX" and "S/2000 J8". |
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| Metis | A innermost moon of Jupiter was discovered by Steven Synnott in March 4, 1979. Metis is also designated as "Jupiter XVI" and "S/1979 J3". In Greek mythology, Metis was the first wife of zeus and the mother of Athena. |
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| Mneme | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. Mneme is also designated as "Jupiter XL" and "S/2003 J21". In Greek mythology, Mneme was one of the three original Muses. |
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| Opposition | For planets outside the Earth's orbit (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto), the months around Oppositions are the best time to view these. An Opposition occurs when the planet is opposite from the Sun, relative to the Earth. At Opposition the planet will rise as the Sun sets and will set as the Sun rises providing an entire night of observation. Also at Opposition the planet comes physically closest to the Earth in it's orbit so it appears as large as possible. | 
Opposition |
| Orthosie | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott Sheppard and team in 2001. Orthosie is also designated as "Jupiter XXXV" and "S/2001 J9". In Greek mythology, Orthosie was goddess of prosperity. |
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| Pasiphae | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Philibert Melotte on January 27, 1908. Pasiphae is also designated as "Jupiter XVIII". In Greek mythology, Pasiphae was the wife of Minos and mother of the Minotaur. |
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| Pasithee | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott Sheppard and team in 2001. Pasithee is also designated as "Jupiter XXXVIII" and "S/2001 J6". In Greek mythology, Pasithea or Pasithee is the eldest of the Graces, who married Hypnos the god of sleep. |
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| Perihelion | The Perihelion occurs when a planet is closest to the Sun during its slightly elliptical orbit. | 
Perihelion of Earth |
| Praxidike | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott Sheppard and team in 2000. Praxidike is also designated as "Jupiter XXVII" and "S/2000 J7". In Greek mythology, Praxidike was the goddess of punishment. |
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| S/2000 J11 | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2000. |
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| S/2003 J10 | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. |
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| S/2003 J12 | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. |
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| S/2003 J14 | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. |
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| S/2003 J15 | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. |
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| S/2003 J16 | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Brett J. Gladman and team in 2003. |
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| S/2003 J17 | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Brett J. Gladman and team in 2003. |
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| S/2003 J18 | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Brett J. Gladman and team in 2003. |
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| S/2003 J19 | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Brett J. Gladman and team in 2003. |
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| S/2003 J2 | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard, David Jewitt and team in 2003. |
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| S/2003 J23 | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2004. |
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| S/2003 J3 | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. |
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| S/2003 J4 | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. |
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| S/2003 J5 | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. |
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| S/2003 J9 | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2003. |
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| Sinope | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Seth Nicholson at Lick Observatory on July 21, 1914. Sinope is also designated as "Jupiter IX". In Greek mythology, Sinope was seized by the god Apollo and carried over to the place where later stood the city named after her. |
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| Sponde | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott Sheppard and team in 2001. Sponde is also designated as "Jupiter XXXVI" and "S/2001 J5". In Greek mythology, Sponde was one of the Horae (Hours), which presided over the seventh hour (libations poured after lunch). The Hours, goddesses of the time of day but also of the seasons, were daughters of Zeus and Themis. |
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| Taygete | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott Sheppard and team in 2000. Taygete is also designated as "Jupiter XX" and "S/2000 J9". In Greek mythology, Taygete was a was a nymph and "Mistress of the animals." |
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| Thebe | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Stephen P. Synnott on March 5, 1979. Thebe is also designated as "Jupiter XIV" and "S/1979 J2". In Greek mythology, Thebe was a nymph who was the daughter of the river god Asopus. |
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| Thelxinoe | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and team in 2004. Thelxinoe is also designated as "Jupiter XLII" and "S/2003 J22". In Greek mythology, Thelxinoe was one of the three original Muses. |
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| Themisto | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Charles T. Kowal and Elizabeth Roemer on September 30, 1975. Themisto is also designated as "Jupiter XVIII" and "S/1975 J1". In Greek mythology, Themisto was a daughter of the river god Inachus, and become the mother of Ister (the river Danube) by Zeus. |
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| Thyone | A moon of Jupiter was discovered by Scott Sheppard and team in 2001. Thyone is also designated as "Jupiter Jupiter XXIX" and "S/2001 J2". In Greek mythology, Thyone, alsoo known as Semele, was the daughter of Cadmus and Harmonia and the mother of the goddess Dionysus. |
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